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IntMath Newsletter: squaring circle, 17 equations

By Murray Bourne, 27 Dec 2016

27 Dec 2016

In this Newsletter:

0. PhotoMath - what I should have said
1. Squaring the circle with rope
2. East Asian countries perform best in TIMMS
3. Resource: 17 equations
4. 2016 in review
5. Math movies: Unexpected math
6. Math puzzles
7. Final thought: tolerance

0. PhotoMath - what I should have said...

In the last Newsletter I mentioned the product PhotoMath. Reader Forrest correctly pointed out in the comments that:

PhotoMath is a great app for students to cheat on math tests with their cell phone. You should not be publicizing this app.

I agree that such tools (including even the humble calculator) can be used to "cheat", so I added the following disclaimer:

"PhotoMath, like all such computer-based math solving tools, should ONLY be used to check your own work (which helps you to learn) - NOT to simply solve the homework for you (which usually results in your never knowing it)."

1. Squaring the circle with rope

I've had an interest in the problem of "squaring the circle" (finding a square with the same area as a given circle, using straight edge and compass only) for some time now. I named this blog "SquareCirclez" in memory of the challenge.

Squaring the circle - rope method

I recently came across a solution by Jonathan Crabtree using rope. This could be turned into an interesting class exercise.

I developed an animation of the method including a proof. See: Squaring the Circle: rope method

2. East Asian countries perform best in TIMMS

One of the reasons I moved to Singapore 20 years ago was because of its strong showing in international comparisons of math and science achievement. I wanted to know how they did it.

Singapore, as well as other East Asian countries, once again performed well in the 2015 results, published recently. From the report:

Singapore, Hong Kong SAR, Korea, Chinese Taipei, and Japan continue outperforming all participating countries in mathematics at the fourth and eighth grades, maintaining a 20 year edge according to results released today from TIMSS, the longest running, large scale international assessment of mathematics and science education in the world.

Pisa, too: From Singapore's Straits Times, How Singapore's students rose to No. 1, we read:

Earlier this month, 15-year-olds in Singapore were ranked No. 1 in maths, science and reading in the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment (Pisa) test, dubbed the "World Cup for education".

The New York Times chimes in with What America Can Learn From Smart Schools in Other Countries.

You may be interested in these related IntMath articles:

3. Resource: 17 equations that changed the course of history

Ian Stewart's book In Pursuit of the Unknown: 17 Equations That Changed The World is an outline of how some very significant equations have driven many of the technologies and improvements to our lives. Some of the 17 equations you already know (like Pythagoras' Theorem and E = mc2), and you'll come across many of them in your undergraduate studies if you intend to become a scientist or engineer. It's always good to read over the equations in advance to get an idea what the variables and notation is all about, before you study the topics.

17 equations that changed the world

Here's the list of equations with a brief explanation of each by Andy Kiersz of Business Insider. How many of them do you know?

The 17 Equations That Changed The Course Of History

4. 2016 in Review

Here are the most popular IntMath articles (based on traffic) during the year - some are new, and some are evergreens.

Number theory

The Twelve Days of Christmas - How Many Presents?

Functions and Graphs

Conic Sections - interactive 3-D graph

Inverse trigonometric function graph animations

Applications of Radian Measure

Polar to Rectangular Online Calculator

Domain and Range of a Function

How to find the equation of a quadratic function from its graph

How do you find exact values for the sine of all angles?

Calculus

Derivatives of the Sine, Cosine and Tangent Functions

Fourier Series Graph Interactive

5. Math movies: Math in unexpected places

math of coral

Here's a collection of 8 TED talks that talk about aspects of mathematics which may surprise you.

Math in unexpected places

6. Math puzzles

The puzzle in the last IntMath Newsletter asked about a number in "decimal form".

Correct solutions with explanation were submitted by Chris, Saikrishna, Γιώργος, Francis, Bill, GuidoV, Eamon, Hamid, Nick, Bruce, Thomas, Gerard, and Peggy. (Whenever answering a math question, it's always best to explain where your answer came from!)

New math puzzle: 2017

Use the digits in the year 2017 and only the operations +, −, ×, ÷, sqrt (√, that is, square root), ^ (raise to a power), ! (factorial), and !! (double factorial) along with grouping symbols, to write expressions for the counting numbers 1 through 100. Try to use the digits in the order 2, 0, 1, 7 as much as possible.

You can leave your responses here.

7. Final thought: tolerance

My hopes for 2017 are that we'll have a more tolerant world, but wise leadership in this area is becoming rarer. The first deaf and blind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree once said:

The highest result of education is tolerance. [Helen Keller]

Happy New Year everyone and I wish you a healthy - and tolerant - 2017.

Until next time, enjoy whatever you learn.

See the 8 Comments below.

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To enter math, you can can either:

  1. Use simple calculator-like input in the following format (surround your math in backticks, or qq on tablet or phone):
    `a^2 = sqrt(b^2 + c^2)`
    (See more on ASCIIMath syntax); or
  2. Use simple LaTeX in the following format. Surround your math with \( and \).
    \( \int g dx = \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}} \)
    (This is standard simple LaTeX.)

NOTE: You can mix both types of math entry in your comment.

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