Chapter Contents

• Applications of Integration
• 1. Applications of the Indefinite Integral
• 2. Area Under a Curve
• 3. Area Between 2 Curves
• 4. Volume of Solid of Revolution
• 5. Centroid of an Area
• 6. Moments of Inertia
• 7. Work by a Variable Force
• 8. Electric Charges
• 9. Average Value
• Head Injury Criterion
• a. Normal Braking
• b. Crash Tests
• c. Data
• d. Severity Index
• e. Head Injury Criterion
• f. Modelling the HIC
• g. Conclusions
• 10. Force by Liquid Pressure
• 11. Arc Length of a Curve
• 12. Arc Length of a Curve in Parametric or Polar Coordinates
• Applications of Integration Problem Solver

• Comments, Questions?

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3. Area Between 2 Curves

by M. Bourne

We are trying to find the area between 2 curves, `y_1 = f_1(x)` and `y_2 = f_2(x)`, and the lines `x = a` and `x = b`.

We see that if we subtract the area under lower curve

`y_1 = f_1(x)`

from the area under the upper curve

`y_2 = f_2(x)`,

then we will find the required area. This can be achieved in one step:

`A=int_a^b(y_2-y_1)dx`

Alternative Way to Find The Formula (from first principles)

Another way of deriving this formula is as follows (the thinking here is important for understanding how we develop the later formulas in this section).

Each "typical" rectangle indicated has width `Δx` and height `y_2 − y_1`, so its area is `(y_2 − y_1)Δx`.

If we add all these typical rectangles, starting from `a` and finishing at `b`, the area is approximately:

`sum_(x=a)^b(y_2-y_1)Delta x`

Now if we let Δx → 0, we can find the exact area by integration:

`A=int_a^b(y_2-y_1)dx`

Summing vertically to find area between 2 curves

Likewise, we can sum vertically by re-expressing both functions so that they are functions of y and we find:

`A=int_c^d(x_2-x_1)dy`

Notice the `c` and `d` as the limits on the integral (to remind us we are summing vertically) and the `dy`. It reminds us to express our function in terms of `y`.

Example

Find the area between the curves `y = x^2 + 5x` and `y = 3 − x^2` between `x = -2` and `x = 0`.

Answer

Exercises

1. Find the area bounded by `y = x^3`, `x = 0` and `y = 3`.

Answer

2. Find the area bounded by the curves

`y = x^2 + 5x` and `y = 3 − x^2`.

(This is an extension of the Example above.)

Answer

3. Find the area bounded by the curves

`y = x^2`, `y = 2 − x` and `y = 1`.

Answer