Chapter Contents

• Matrices and Determinants
• 1. Determinants
• 2. Large Determinants
• 3. Matrices
• 4. Multiplication of Matrices
• Matrix Multiplication examples
• Add & multiply matrices - Flash
• 5. Finding the Inverse of a Matrix
• Multiplication and Inverse examples
• Multiplication and Inverse examples - own numbers
• Inverse of a Matrix using Gauss-Jordan Elimination
• 6. Matrices and Linear Equations
• Matrices and Determinants Problem Solver

• Comments, Questions?

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From the math blog...

6. Matrices and Linear Equations

by M. Bourne

We wish to solve the system of simultaneous linear equations using matrices:

a₁x + b₁y = c₁

a₂x + b₂y = c₂

If we let

, and

then AX = C. (We first saw this in Multiplication of Matrices).

If we now multiply each side of

AX = C

on the left by

A^-1, we have:

A^-1AX = A^-1C.

However, we know that A^-1A = I, the Identity matrix. So we obtain

IX = A^-1C.

But IX = X, so the solution to the system of equations is given by:

X = A^-1C

See the box at the top of Inverse of a Matrix for more explanation about why this works.

---

Note: We cannot use CA^-1 because matrix multiplication is not commutative.

Example - solving a system using the Inverse Matrix

Solve the system using matrices.

−x + 5y = 4

2x + 5y = −2

Always check your solutions!

Answer

Now let's see how LiveMath can do this for us.

LIVEMath

 

Solving 3×3 Systems of Equations

We can extend the above method to systems of any size. We cannot use the same method for finding inverses of matrices bigger than 2×2.

We will use LiveMath (or similar) to find inverses larger than 2×2.

Example - 3×3 System of Equations

Solve the system using matrix methods.

Did I mention? It's a good idea to always check your solutions.

Answer

Now let's see how LiveMath can do this for us.

LIVEMath

Example - Electronics application of 3×3 System of Equations

Find the electric currents shown by solving the matrix equation (obtained using Kirchhoff's Law) arising from this circuit:

Answer

Exercise 1

The following equations are found in a particular electrical circuit. Find the currents using matrix methods.

Answer

Exercise 2

Recall this problem from before? If we know the simultaneous equations involved, we will be able to solve the system using inverse matrices on a computer.

The circuit equations, using Kirchhoff's Law:

-26 = 72I₁ - 17I₃ - 35I₄

34 = 122I₂ - 35I₃ - 87I₇

-13 = 149I₃ - 17I₁ - 35I₂ - 28I₅ - 35I₆ - 34I₇

5 = 105I₄ - 35I₁ - 43I₅

-27 = 105I₅ - 28I₃ - 43I₄ - 34I₆

24 = 141I₆ - 35I₃ - 34I₅ - 72I₇

-4 = 233I₇ - 87I₂ - 34I₃ - 72I₆

What are the individual currents, I₁ to I₇?

Answer

Exercise 3

We want 10 L of gasoline containing 2% additive. We have drums of the following:

*gasoline without additive

*gasoline with 5% additive

*gasoline with 6% additive

We need to use 4 times as much pure gasoline as 5% additive gasoline. How much of each is needed?

Always check your solutions!

Answer

Exercise 4

This statics problem was presented earlier in Section 3: Matrices.

From the diagram, we obtain the following equations (these equations come from statics theory):

Vertical forces:

F₁ sin 69.3° − F₂ sin 71.1° − F₃ sin 56.6° + 926 = 0

Horizontal forces:

F₁ cos 69.3° − F₂ cos 71.1° + F₃ cos 56.6° = 0

Moments:

7.80 F₁ sin 69.3° − 1.50 F₂ sin 71.1° − 5.20 F₃ sin 56.6° = 0

Using matrices, find the forces F₁, F₂, & F₃.

Answer