7. Conditional Probability
If E1 and E2 are two events, the probability that E2 occurs given that E1 has occurred is denoted by P(E2|E1).
P(E2|E1) is called the conditional probability of E2 given that E1 has occurred.
Calculating Conditional Probability
Let E1 and E2 be any two events defined in a sample space S such that P(E1) > 0.
The conditional probability of E2, assuming E1 has already occurred, is given by
EXAMPLE 1
Let A denote the event `student is female' and let B denote the event `student is French'. In a class of 100 students suppose 60 are French, and suppose that 10 of the French students are females. Find the probability that if I pick a French student, it will be a girl, that is, find P(A|B).
EXAMPLE 2
What is the probability that the total of two dice will be greater than 8, given that the first die is a 6?
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